CentOS静态IP配置实战：Python自动化脚本实现

return parts[4]
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
pass
return None
def backup_config_file(file_path):
backup_path = file_path + ‘.backup’
shutil.copy2(file_path, backup_path)
print(f”原配置文件已备份至: {backup_path}”)
return backup_path
def configure_static_ip(interface, ip_address, netmask_cidr, gateway, dns_servers):
config_dir = ‘/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts’
config_file = os.path.join(config_dir, f’ifcfg-{interface}’)
if not os.path.exists(config_file):
raise FileNotFoundError(f”网络接口配置文件不存在: {config_file}”)
backup_config_file(config_file)
new_lines = []
with open(config_file, ‘r’) as f:
lines = f.readlines
ip_set = False
netmask_set = False
gateway_set = False
dns_set = False
for line in lines:
stripped_line = line.strip
if stripped_line.startswith(‘BOOTPROTO=’):
new_lines.append(‘BOOTPROTO=static
‘)
elif stripped_line.startswith(‘IPADDR=’):
new_lines.append(f’IPADDR={ip_address}
‘)
ip_set = True
elif stripped_line.startswith(‘NETMASK=’) or stripped_line.startswith(‘PREFIX=’):
new_lines.append(f’PREFIX={netmask_cidr}
‘)
netmask_set = True
elif stripped_line.startswith(‘GATEWAY=’):
new_lines.append(f’GATEWAY={gateway}
‘)
gateway_set = True
elif stripped_line.startswith(‘DNS’) and ‘=’ in stripped_line:
continue
elif stripped_line.startswith(‘DEFROUTE=’):
new_lines.append(‘DEFROUTE=yes
‘)
elif stripped_line.startswith(‘ONBOOT=’):
new_lines.append(‘ONBOOT=yes
‘)
else:
new_lines.append(line)
if not ip_set:
new_lines.append(f’IPADDR={ip_address}
‘)
if not netmask_set:
new_lines.append(f’PREFIX={netmask_cidr}
‘)
if not gateway_set:
new_lines.append(f’GATEWAY={gateway}
‘)
if dns_servers:
dns_line = f”DNS1={dns_servers[0]}
new_lines.append(dns_line)
if len(dns_servers) > 1:
new_lines.append(f”DNS2={dns_servers[1]}
)
with open(config_file, ‘w’) as f:
f.writelines(new_lines)
print(f”静态IP配置已成功写入文件: {config_file}”)
def restart_network_service:
try:
print(“正在重启网络服务…”)
subprocess.run([‘systemctl’, ‘restart’, ‘network’], check=True)
print(“网络服务重启成功。”)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print(f”警告：重启网络服务失败。错误信息: {e}”)
print(“请手动检查配置文件并重启网络服务。”)
def main:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=’自动化配置CentOS系统静态IP地址’)
parser.add_argument(‘–ip’, required=True, help=’静态IP地址 (e.g., 192.168.1.100)’)
parser.add_argument(‘–netmask’, type=int, required=True, help=’子网掩码 (CIDR格式, e.g., 24)’)
parser.add_argument(‘–gateway’, required=True, help=’默认网关 (e.g., 192.168.1.1)’)
parser.add_argument(‘–dns’, nargs=’+’, help=’DNS服务器地址 (e.g., 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4)’, default=[‘8.8.8.8’, ‘8.8.4.4’])
args = parser.parse_args
if not validate_ip(args.ip):
print(“错误：提供的IP地址格式无效。”)
return
if not validate_cidr(args.netmask):
print(“错误：子网掩码必须在0到32之间。”)
return
if not validate_ip(args.gateway):
print(“错误：提供的网关地址格式无效。”)
return
for dns in args.dns:
if not validate_ip(dns):
print(f”错误：提供的DNS地址 ‘{dns}’ 格式无效。”)
return
interface = find_network_interface
if not interface:
print(“错误：无法自动检测到默认的网络接口。”)
return
print(f”检测到网络接口: {interface}”)
print(f”即将配置: IP={args.ip}/{args.netmask}, Gateway={args.gateway}, DNS={args.dns}”)
try:
configure_static_ip(interface, args.ip, args.netmask, args.gateway, args.dns)
restart_network_service
print(”
静态IP配置完成！建议使用 ‘ip addr show {interface}’ 命令验证配置。”)
except Exception as e:
print(f”配置过程中发生错误: {e}”)
if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
main


project_name=python_静态IP配置
filename=requirements.txt
title=项目依赖文件
entrypoint=false
runnable=false
project_final_file=true
# 此脚本使用Python标准库，无额外依赖。


sudo python3 /usr/local/bin/centos_static_ip.py --ip 192.168.1.100 --netmask 24 --gateway 192.168.1.1 --dns 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4